To investigate the relevance of TREM2 and Mincle recognition of MA-containing lipids in the activation of innate immune cells, we stimulated peritoneal macrophages from WT, TREM2-deficient (Trem2−/−), or Mincle-deficient (Clec4e−/−) mice with either glycosylated or non-glycosylated MA-containing lipids and examined their production of MCP-1, a pivotal monocyte chemoattractant implicated in TB pathology52–54, and TNF, an essential cytokine for granuloma formation and TB control55,56. Here, CLEC4E is linked to tuberculosis.