A developmental role of ADK-L is also supported by developmental defects associated with inborn human ADK deficiency, which leads to growth defects, intellectual disability, and hepatic encephalopathy (Bjursell et al., 2011; Staufner et al., 2016; Silva et al., 2020). The gene discussed is ADK; the disease is hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia, familial, 4.