CTSB and HIV infectious disease: To discover how HIV infection can trigger “Signal 2” of inflammasome activation we utilised inhibitors of several published inflammasome mechanisms including: lysosome disruption, Cathepsin B inhibitor CA-074 [39,40]; production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), Diphenyliodonium (DPI) and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) [41], as well as Ca2+ mobilization [42], clathrin mediated endocytosis, using Chloropromazine and siRNA against clathrin [17,43].