EGFR and cancer: However, the benefits of TKIs and ICIs are limited to a small subset of patients whose tumors show specific sensitivity markers that activate cancer-driver tyrosine kinases such as EGFR, BRAF, and EML4-ALK mutations or translocations (Paez et al., 2004; Tsao et al., 2005; Soda et al., 2007) or over-expressing checkpoint proteins such as PD-1, PD-L1, and CTLA‐4 (Brahmer et al., 2012; Meng et al., 2017; Ribas & Wolchok, 2018).