By downregulating the expression of Raf/ERK and programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1), the NPs promoted intracellular infiltration of cytotoxic CD8T cells, inhibited angiogenesis and the progression of liver fibrosis, and further prevented the development of fibrosis-related HCC and liver metastases, thus enhancing the antitumor effects. This evidence concerns the gene CD274 and hepatocellular carcinoma.