We demonstrated that NRF2 bound directly to the ARE consensus sequence in the promoters of G6PD and TKT in HNSCC cells (Figure 5K-5L), and G6PD and TKT acted as the key NRF2-downstrem effectors of malignant progression of HNSCC (Figure 6). This evidence concerns the gene NFE2L2 and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.