Type I IFNs in SSc have multiple supported effects including the activation of monocytes, the differentiation and activation of T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, and dendritic cells, stimulation of the expression of Toll-like receptors by dendritic cells, and increasing the expression of fibrotic effectors such as CTGF and ACTA in endothelial cells and fibroblasts, amongst others (53). Here, ACTA1 is linked to systemic sclerosis.