C3 and gestational diabetes: Complement C3 (279 ± 126 vs 162 ± 56 μg/ml, GDM vs ND, p=0.001), complement C4 (550 ± 96 vs 487 ± 105 μg/ml, GDM vs ND, p=0.05) and Factor-H (358 ± 57 vs 310 ± 66 μg/ml, GDM vs ND, p=0.01) were all elevated in the GDM women compared with ND women.