CREM and epilepsy: Interestingly, phosphorylation of cAMP response element-binding protein (CREP) that is assumed to positively affect ICER gene expression was regionally increased in seizure onset zone of human neocortex measured following epilepsy surgery (Rakhade et al., 2005), suggesting that involvement of the CREM/ICER pathways is likely in the pathophysiology of human epilepsy.