Interestingly, there was increased expression of ELN in the fetal lung, which is suggestive of potential alterations to small airway remodeling and/or alveolarization at the parenchymal level following exposure to maternal Vitamin C treatment.53 While Vitamin C has previously been shown to play a role in extracellular matrix remodeling in an emphysema model,52 the effects of vitamin C on proliferation and apoptosis in the fetal lung are unknown. The gene discussed is ELN; the disease is pulmonary emphysema.