MC4R and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: The current study computes the GRS based on the above-discussed five obesity-linked key loci (FTO rs1421085, MC4R rs17782313, BDNF rs6265, TMEM18 rs7561317, and NEGR1 rs2815752), which were previously found to be individually associated with obesity and related anthropometric and metabolic measures in the same sample of Pakistani population23–26.