We showed an increase in the components of Ca2+ influx pathway including the glutamate NMDA/AMPA receptor, ADPRC1, LPA3R and calreticulin across the 3 rat models of epilepsy (Fig. 6) As previously confirmed, pathophysiological changes in the brain could be induce by small changes in calcium channels or their regulators9, 10. Here, CD38 is linked to epilepsy.