CD38 and acute myeloid leukemia: The augmented induction of apoptosis by the combination of venetoclax and ATO was observed not only in gated CD34+CD38− blasts, but also in gated CD34+CD38+ or CD34− cells of BMMCs at AML diagnosis (Fig. 3a, b and Additional file 3: Fig. S2), in addition to the BMMCs of relapsed AML patients (Additional file 4: Fig. S3).