Four ongoing phase II clinical trials are evaluating CEA/LAMP-1 mRNA engineered DC vaccines in glioblastoma patients in combination with tetanus toxoid preconditioning to enhance DC migration, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and other drugs, such as basiliximab (antagonistic anti-CD25 monoclonal antibody (mAb)), varilumab (agonistic anti-CD27 mAb) or temozolomide (NCT02366728, NCT03927222, NCT03688178, NCT02465268). The gene discussed is CSF2; the disease is glioblastoma.