In preclinical studies, DC co-transfection of cancer antigens with OX40 ligand (OX40L), 4-1BB ligand (4-1BBL), glucocorticoid-induced tumor necrosis factor receptor (GITR) ligand (GITRL), CD40 ligand (CD40L), constitutively active (ca)CD40 or inducible T cell co-stimulatory ligand (ICOSL) mRNA improved DC co-stimulation and resulted in enhanced T-cell priming [71–76]. Here, CD40LG is linked to cancer.