In a randomized phase II clinical trial (NCT01446731), a DC vaccine with mRNA encoding PSA, prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP), survivin and hTERT failed to significantly increase the disease-specific survival of docetaxel-treated, castration-resistant prostate cancer patients (docetaxel: 21.9 months, docetaxel and DC vaccination: 25.1 months) [34]. This evidence concerns the gene KLK3 and prostate carcinoma.