tuberculosis-induced IFNγproduction and promoted IFNγ-driven macrophage antimicrobial defensemechanisms [104].Thus, positioning the microbiota as one of the likely sources of cues thatdefine alveolar macrophage functions related to antimicrobial defense,inflammation, and engagement of adaptive immunity is important for ourunderstanding of early host control of M. tuberculosis infection with implications for developingactive disease or LTBI. The gene discussed is IFNG; the disease is tuberculosis.