However, if no specific imaging or additional serum or urine-based markers are available, to avoid unnecessary biopsies for patients with more than one altered PSA (PSA, 2-10 ng/mL), with an upward trend, and no clinical symptoms of urinary tract infection, the panel split in recommending biopsy immediately (48.44%) and repeat PSA in 3 months (35.94%). Here, KLK3 is linked to urinary tract infection.