EGFR and carcinoma: Research has revealed that the transfer of EGFR could occur through exosomes from human carcinoma cell lines containing activated EGFR to endothelial cells, thus causing mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and AKT pathways to be activated as well as the expression of VEGF, which increases the capacity for anchorage-independent growth and anti-apoptotic gene expression [74].