DKK1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus: For example, serum levels of inhibitors of the WNT β‐catenin pathway were significantly higher in 40 women with type 2 diabetes (mean age ± SD, 64 ± 8 years) than in 40 healthy volunteers (mean age, 62 ± 8 years) when measured by ELISA (mean ± SD; pmol/L) (sclerostin: diabetes, 53.2 ± 10.9; control group, 47.5 ± 12.6; P < .05; Dickkopf‐1 gene (Dkk‐1): diabetes, 12.9 ± 10.3; control group, 9.1 ± 5.7; P < .05).46