NCAM1 and hepatocellular carcinoma: In a Korean phase III clinical trial, CIK cells, including CD3+/CD56+ cells, CD3-/CD56+ NK cells, and CD3+/CD56- cytotoxic T cells (82, 83), were used as an adjuvant treatment for 230 patients with HCC who had been pre-treated with other curative therapies (surgical resection, RFA, or percutaneous ethanol injection).