Owing to the abundant natural adjuvant components in OMVs, systemic injection of OMVs or siRNA‐packaged OMVs from a mutant E. coli strain has been reported to up‐regulate the production ofTNF‐α, IL‐6, IFN‐γ, and anti‐tumor cytokines CXCL10, which are closely related to the anti‐tumor immunity.[84] Among a variety of MAMPs, the LPS stands out like a star. The gene discussed is IFNG; the disease is neoplasm.