On the other hand, insulin resistance was associated with elevated basal lactate levels in obese humans (Lovejoy, Mellen & Digirolamo, 1990), so increased basal lactate concentrations in Iberian pigs (1.040 vs. 0.730 mmol/L; SEM = 0.063) could also indicate insulin resistance or reduced insulin sensitivity. Here, INS is linked to Insulin resistance.