Four of the genes harboring digit ratio SNPs (EFNA1, HOXD12/HOXD11, GLI3 and SALL1) show evidence of altered expression in endometriosis; one digit ratio SNP is in the gene TOX3, which is genome-wide significant for risk of PCOS [83], two SNPs are in genes (SMOC1 and HOXA12) that regulate gonad development, and an interaction of HOXA12 with GLI3 mediates development of the vagina and uterus. Here, GLI3 is linked to polycystic ovary syndrome.