TNF and thyroid cancer: Studies have shown that inflammatory cytokines TGF-β and EGF can induce EMT in thyroid cancer and thyroid cells cultured in vitro10, 11; through the SMAD, NF-κB, AKT/GSK-3β, JAK/STAT signaling pathway, long-term low dose of TNF-α and IFN-γ stimulation can also induce invasion and metastasis in other tumors 12-15.