In our previous studies, we found that serum levels of autoantibodies against BMI-1, HSP70, MMP-7, NY-ESO-1, p53 and PRDX6 were all significantly elevated in sera of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma patients and gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma patients, compared to controls 16, 17. Here, BMI1 is linked to gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma.