For example, Chapman et al. measured multiple autoantibodies against tumor-associated antigens (BRCA1, BRCA2, c-myc, HER2, MUC1, NY-ESO-1, and p53), and observed that sensitivities for individual autoantibodies varied between 8-34% and 3-23% in primary breast cancer and ductal carcinoma in situ patients, respectively. Here, BRCA1 is linked to breast carcinoma.