Interestingly, like the persistence of true exhausted CD8 T cells during chronic viral infection, the persistence of “exhausted-like” Db-NP366−374 TRM cells is also dependent on the continuous presence of pMHC-I and co-stimulatory signaling as the induced depletion of MHC-I or the late blockade of CD28 diminished Db-NP366−374 TRM cell magnitude (5). The gene discussed is CD8A; the disease is viral infectious disease.