A meta-analysis of 40 studies measuring peripheral blood cytokine concentrations and 14 measuring CSF cytokine concentrations revealed that peripheral cytokines as IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β, TGF-β, IL-12, and IL-18 are higher in patients with AD (Swardfager et al., 2010). The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is Alzheimer disease.