TNF and Alzheimer disease: Many neurological disorders appear to share a neuroinflammatory component, and chronic TNF-α expression has been observed in neurodegenerative disorders such as multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, PD, AD, ischemia, as well as in various forms of dementia (Lee Y. J. et al., 2010; Decourt et al., 2016; Hu et al., 2019).