DPP4 and atherosclerosis: Jawahar L. Mehta et al. [13] used PMA to block THP-1 macrophages and coincubate them with ox-LDL; inhibition of NLRP3 Toll-like receptor (TLR4) and IL-1 expression by DPP-4 inhibitors was observed, as well as upregulation of GLP-1R expression; while the blocking effect of PMA was relieved by GLP-1R agonists such as liraglutide, this study further demonstrates the inflammatory state and immune response of atherosclerosis.