GSR and type 2 diabetes mellitus: Since the development of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes is related to increased inflammation and oxidative stress56, the increased insulin sensitivity in the liver may be related, at least in part, with the effect of OLE reducing the mRNA levels of the pro-inflammatory markers iNOS and TNF-α and increasing the gene expression of the antioxidant enzymes GPx, GSR and SOD-1.