Neuropathology of FXTAS predominantly includes altered RNA processing, such as bidirectional (sense and antisense) transcription of the CGG repeat region45, aberrant RNA splicing12, formation of repeat RNA foci through the sequestration of RNA-binding proteins (RBPs)46–49, RAN translation to produce homopolypeptide aggregates corresponding to both sense and antisense transcripts44,50 and reduced48,51 translation of the gene product (loss of gene function). This evidence concerns the gene RAN and fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome.