Apart from its cytoprotective role, AIF also plays an important role in parthanatos (poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP-1)-dependent cell death) after its release from mitochondria and translocation to the nucleus under ischemic brain injury and neurodegenerative diseases like Parkinson’s disease and Alzheimer’s disease [6, 27–29]. The gene discussed is PARP1; the disease is Parkinson disease.