NPPB and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: Vincent’s Screening to Prevent Heart Failure (STOP-HF), 1374 subjects aged > 40 years and with at least one risk factor (hypertension, dyslipidemia, obesity, vascular disease, diabetes mellitus) or cardiovascular comorbidity (moderate-to-severe valve disease, arrhythmia requiring intervention) were randomized to a follow-up by the general practitioner or to a cardiological evaluation with echocardiography whenever BNP was > 50 ng/L.