For example, in a study including two community-based prospective cohorts of elderly individuals without HF, a proteomic analysis found that 9 proteins involved in apoptosis, inflammation, matrix remodelling, and fibrinolysis improved prediction of incident HF over a model including established risk factors (age, ethnicity, gender, heart rate, systolic blood pressure, anti-hypertensive medications, diabetes, coronary heart disease, smoking status, body mass index), but not when NT-proBNP was added to the model [137]. Here, NPPB is linked to diabetes mellitus.