A recent animal study found that blockade of NMDA receptors increased the induction of α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid (AMPA) receptor expression in models of depression, and subsequent activation of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway was needed for the rapid and robust antidepressant action of ketamine (Li et al., 2010). This evidence concerns the gene MTOR and depressive disorder.