FFAR3 and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: Ffar3 is expressed in apical enterocytes and basolateral enteroendocrine cells in the human colon.85 Enteroneuronal cells and sympathetic ganglia express Ffar3, which is relevant for the regulatory effect of SCFAs on gut motility.86,87 Ffar3 is also expressed by cells in adipose and pancreatic tissues and by renal smooth muscle cells.83,88–90 This expression pattern of Ffar3 in various cell types is in line with the effect of SCFAs on the production of gut hormones, such as glucagon-like peptide 1, peptide YY, cholecystokinin, and leptin, to regulate metabolism and obesity.