For example, imiquimod, a small-molecule ligand activates TLR7, and the related compound, CL097, activates the NLRP3 inflammasome through the production of mtROS, but K+ efflux is not involved.131 In addition, oxidation of phosphatidylcholine upon cellular stress and damage activates the NLRP3 inflammasome in macrophages through mtROS downstream of intracellular Ca2+ signaling.132 A recent study of neuroinflammation in a model of Parkinson’s disease showed that the Fyn kinase induces PKCδ-dependent NF-κB-p65 activation and inflammasome priming. Here, NLRP3 is linked to Parkinson disease.