HAVCR1 and neoplasm: We used snRNA-seq and snATAC-seq to identify a subpopulation of proximal tubule (PT_VCAM1) that expressed VCAM1, HAVCR1 (KIM-1), VIM (vimentin), CD133, and CD24. The PT_VCAM1 population was also identified in bulk RNA-seq datasets from non-tumor TCGA kidney and human diabetic nephropathy49.