Since AOM-induced phosphorylation levels of H2AX and p53 were similar in AOM-treated WT and Golm1−/− mice colons (Supplementary Fig. 2a), the differences in tumorigenesis between WT and Golm1−/− mice following AOM/DSS administration did not stem from the initial DNA damage responses. This evidence concerns the gene H2AX and infectious otitis media.