NOX3 and sensorineural hearing loss disorder: Nox3 activation, its physiological roles in cochleae, the mechanism by which Nox3-derived ROS decrease ribbon synapse numbers, and the association of these factors with HL and HC loss (Kujawa and Liberman, 2019; Jeng et al., 2020) must be addressed to develop therapeutics for Nox3-related SNHL.