Two other genes encoding antimicrobial effectors, cathelicidin-1 and iNOS, as well as proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-8 and GSK-3 kinase involved in multiple cellular responses also showed highest level of expression in infected cells that were exposed to DFO and low level of activation by infection alone. Here, CXCL8 is linked to infection.