IGF1 and metabolic disease: T1DM occurs due to overall poor bone health and lower peak bone mass in adolescents and is mainly manifested due to the following aspects: (1) abnormal growth hormone (GH)-insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) axis, which leads to bone loss before the bone reaches to its peak mass in a decreased adolescent growth potential [51, 52]; (2) disobeying planned medical management, making metabolic disorder worse [53, 54]; (3) dietary control leads to insufficient dietary calcium intake [55]; and (4) increased urinary calcium excretion [56].