NS1 and NS2 inhibit IFN-I production in RSV-infected epithelial cell lines by interfering with the activation of IRF-3 and its nuclear translocation, or by inhibiting RIG-I/MAVS interaction.41,42 Although NS1 and NS2 expression upon RSV infection reduce IFN-I production in macrophages derived from primary human peripheral blood monocytes,43 the role and the inhibitory effect of NS1 and NS2 have never been studied in the context of AMs infection nor during the neonatal period. The gene discussed is IRF3; the disease is infection.