IFT54 and ciliopathy: To investigate the outcome of the pathogenic mutations in five genes: BBS5 (Ala323CysfsX57)71, IFT54 (I17S)72), IFT81 (D672Afs)73, TMEM216 (L114R and L133X)74, and TMEM231 (Ile232SerfsX)75 that were reported to cause ciliopathies in humans but not analyzed in details, we replaced the wild-type copies of the Tetrahymena genes with the allele carrying a ciliopathy-related mutation (Supplementary Fig. S2A, Supplementary Table S3).