The recent discovery of a fusion involving the echinoderm microtubule-associated protein-like 4 (EML4) and anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) genes in tumor specimens from a subset of patients with NSCLC (mostly adenocarcinoma) and the quite effective treatment of these cases by ALK kinase inhibitors have reinvigorated efforts to identify additional genomic rearrangements that could be therapeutic targets [8, 25]. This evidence concerns the gene ALK and adenocarcinoma.