In ileal mucosal biopsies, mRNA expression in IBS-C relative to healthy controls was reduced GPBAR1 receptor, myosin light chain kinase (MYLK in barrier function), and innate immunity (TLR3), but increased mRNA expression of cadherin cell adhesion mechanisms (CTNNB1) and transport genes SLC9A1 (Na-H exchanger [NHE1]) and INADL (indirect effect on ion transport).<h4>Discussion</h4>These data support a role of ileal mucosal dysfunction in IBS, including barrier dysfunction in IBS-D and alterations in absorption/secretion mechanisms in IBS-C. The gene discussed is TLR3; the disease is irritable bowel syndrome.