INS and Alzheimer disease: Summarized evidence is presented for FDA-app-roved substances, with the potential to treat AD, in-cluding calcium channel blockers, phosphodiesterase inhibitors, insulin and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, antibiotics, stimulants, mood stabilizers, anti-virals, and antioxidants.