Women treated with insulin for GDM and no family history of diabetes (class 2) also had a significant risk of adverse outcome compared with the reference category (OR = 2.65; 95% CI 1.70–4.15); similarly, women not treated with insulin and with pre-pregnancy BMI levels > 28.1 kg/m2 (class 3) showed a twofold increased risk of dysglycemia (OR = 2.38; 95% CI 1.41–4.03). Here, INS is linked to diabetes mellitus.