PSMC4 and neoplasm: Although the molecular function of DYRK2 suggests its tumor suppressive role, it may act as a tumor promoter in “proteasome-addicted” tumors by increasing proteasome-mediated protein degradation through phosphorylation of Rpt3, the 19S subunit of the proteasome (Guo et al., 2016; Banerjee et al., 2019).