In TNBC, XBP1 hyperactivation promotes an adaptive response to ER and hypoxic stress through the regulation of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF1α) leading to enhanced cancer cell survival and decreased patient survival, as well as promoting TNBC resistance to paclitaxel and doxorubicin treatments (Chen et al., 2014; Hu et al., 2015). Here, XBP1 is linked to cancer.