EIF2AK3 and neoplasm: One interesting theory has been recently proposed in melanoma cells to explain the conflicting role exerted by PERK in tumor initiation and progression (Pytel et al., 2016), whereby PERK is a “haplo-insufficient tumor suppressor,” and gene dose determines tumor-suppressive versus tumor-promoting properties in melanoma, where retention of one allele of PERK seems essential for tumor progression, opposed to the deletion of two alleles, which generates diametrically opposing results (Pytel et al., 2016).