Although some features such as enhanced tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), the presence of a lymphocytic activation pathway and the occurrence of tumor-specific CD4+ T cells preventing the activation of cytotoxic T cells through production of tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) have been reported in HLA-DR+ melanoma (13, 29, 30), relatively little is known about the underlying mechanisms and the actual composition of the tumor microenvironment in these areas. Here, TNF is linked to melanoma.