Therefore, the above-mentioned HRG regulation of HMGB1 translocation and HMGB1-induced cytokine production in vascular endothelial cells suggest that HRG (23) as well as anti-HMGB1 mAb (38, 39) could contribute to the maintenance of vascular endothelial cellular homeostasis through the control of HMGB1 resulting in inhibition of inflammation induced by influenza infection. The gene discussed is HMGB1; the disease is influenza.