TGFB1 and acute respiratory distress syndrome: ARDS is an acute inflammatory response in lung tissue and frequently leads to severe damage of tissue and ultimately death in COVID-19 patients (19–23). The use of short-term TGFβ1-loaded regDCs EXO to attenuate the acute inflammation in the lung could prevent the severe lung damage seen during the acute phase and could also decrease the chronic consequences of severe pulmonary COVID-19 infection (80).